In that first year of development, they packaged hundreds of pen-testing-related applications and built the infrastructure. The first release (version 1.0) happened one year later, in March 2013, and was based on Debian 7 “Wheezy”, Debian’s stable distribution at the time. The decision was made to build Kali on top of the Debian distribution because it is well known for its quality, stability, and wide selection of available software. The Kali Linux project began quietly in 2012, when Offensive Security decided that they wanted to replace their venerable BackTrack Linux project, which was manually maintained, with something that could become a genuine Debian derivative, complete with all of the required infrastructure and improved packaging techniques.

This was primarily added because the development team found they needed to do a lot of wireless assessments. Kali also has a custom-built kernel that is patched for 802.11 wireless injections. Kali Linux is developed using a secure environment with only a small number of trusted people that are allowed to commit packages, with each package being digitally signed by the developer. Most packages Kali uses are imported from the Debian repositories. The third core developer Raphaël Hertzog joined them as a Debian expert.

It was developed by Mati Aharoni and Devon Kearns of Offensive Security through the rewrite of BackTrack, their previous information security testing Linux distribution based on Knoppix. It is a supported platform of the Metasploit Project’s Metasploit Framework, a tool for developing and executing security exploits. Kali Linux can run natively when installed on a computer’s hard disk, can be booted from a live CD or live USB, or it can run within a virtual machine. Kali Linux has over 600 pre-installed penetration-testing programs, including Armitage (a graphical cyber attack management tool), Nmap (a port scanner), Wireshark (a packet analyzer), John the Ripper password cracker, Aircrack-ng (a software suite for penetration-testing wireless LANs), Burp suite and OWASP ZAP web application security scanners.

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